Understanding the 5 Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a progressive condition where the kidneys gradually lose their ability to function properly. It is classified into five stages, ranging from mild kidney damage to complete kidney failure. Understanding these stages can help patients manage their health and slow the progression of the disease.

Stage 1: Kidney Damage with Normal Function (GFR ≥ 90 mL/min)

At this stage, kidney function is still normal, but early signs of kidney damage may be present, such as protein in the urine. Many people don’t experience symptoms, making early detection through routine check-ups crucial.

What to do:

✅ Control blood pressure and blood sugar levels

✅ Maintain a healthy diet and exercise regularly

✅ Avoid smoking and excessive use of pain medications

Stage 2: Mild Decrease in Kidney Function (GFR 60-89 mL/min)

In Stage 2, there is a slight decline in kidney function. While symptoms are still uncommon, lab tests may indicate mild kidney damage.

What to do:

✅ Monitor kidney function regularly

✅ Stay hydrated and follow a kidney-friendly diet

✅ Manage underlying conditions like diabetes and hypertension

Stage 3: Moderate Decrease in Kidney Function (GFR 30-59 mL/min)

By Stage 3, kidney function is moderately impaired, and symptoms may start to appear, including fatigue, swelling in the hands and feet, and changes in urination patterns.

What to do:

✅ Work with a nephrologist to manage kidney health

✅ Follow a low-sodium, low-protein diet

✅ Monitor medications to avoid further kidney damage

Stage 4: Severe Decrease in Kidney Function (GFR 15-29 mL/min)

At this stage, kidney function is significantly reduced, and symptoms like nausea, itching, swelling, and anemia become more noticeable. The risk of kidney failure is high, requiring preparation for dialysis or a kidney transplant.

What to do:

✅ Consult a nephrologist frequently

✅ Discuss treatment options like dialysis or transplantation

✅ Follow a strict kidney-friendly diet and lifestyle plan

Stage 5: End-Stage Kidney Disease (GFR < 15 mL/min)

In Stage 5, the kidneys can no longer function properly, leading to severe complications. At this point, dialysis or a kidney transplant is necessary to survive. Symptoms may include severe fatigue, fluid retention, shortness of breath, and difficulty concentrating.

What to do:

✅ Begin dialysis or seek a kidney transplant

✅ Follow all medical guidelines strictly

✅ Maintain a strong support system for emotional and physical well-being

Chronic Kidney Disease progresses over time, but early detection and proper management can slow its progression. If you have risk factors like diabetes, hypertension, or a family history of kidney disease, regular check-ups with a nephrologist are essential.

At Kidney and Hypertension Associates, we specialize in CKD management and treatment. If you or a loved one is at risk, don’t wait—schedule a consultation today!